“Same-Sex Attracted”
As I’ve started to wade into more difficult discussions of LGBT+ inclusion in the church, I’ve found that often the conversations are more nuanced than someone trying to bludgeon you over the head with Leviticus (although that is certainly still a popular reaction, unfortunately). One of the more common arguments I’ve heard is: being gay is not inherently sinful – BUT if you act on your desires, even in a loving and committed relationship, you will be sinning. Therefore, God’s will for all gay people is celibacy. There are several organizations such as Living Out, who teach this idea. Instead of referring to themselves as “gay Christians,” they say that they are “same-sex-attracted.” As long as they don’t act on their supposedly sinful desire for romantic relationships with the same sex, they are not actually gay and can stay in “obedience to Jesus.” Instead, Living Out encourages “same-sex attracted” people to be content to find intimacy and fellowship in Christ and in non-romantic friendship with other Christians. They must forsake their innately sinful LGBT identity in order to find a holy identity in Christ.
On one hand, I appreciate Living Out’s stance against verbal and physical violence toward LGBT+ people. That should just be a basic standard for religions, but here we are in a world where trans women are murdered and public leaders call for genocide of LGBT people. Living Out acknowledges each individual’s God-given dignity and call for honesty about the internal same-sex “struggle” instead of repression. I can see how this belief would be appealing to both heterosexual and gay people who grew up in the Evangelical tradition. If you’re LGBT+, Living Out presents a way to stay in the fold, to please God, and to have a community. If you’re bisexual it’s even easier – you can even have intimacy, as long as you choose the right (re: opposite) sex to be your lawfully wedded person, and your other attraction is just another sin to avoid. And if you’re heterosexual, you have a way to love and “accept” gay people in your church without having to challenge your assumptions about Scripture.
I appreciate the diversity of beliefs within the gay Christian community, and for some people, celibacy may be their God-ordained path. However, I think Living Out’s beliefs become problematic when presented as the only way to live faithfully to God’s will. That stance can mentally harm people by making the quality of their faith about their good works and ability to follow the rules. And the idea that celibacy is the only godly way to be gay just doesn’t hold up with how the Bible’s authors write about sin, desire, identity, and the purpose of marriage and celibacy. So get comfy, grab your favorite beverage, and let’s open our Bibles, shall we?
The Old Law and the New
The Old Testament is all about those commandments. There are the popular ones that most of us can agree on: don’t murder, honor your parents, love your neighbor. Then there’s the weirdly specific ones we ignore in 2019: don’t eat anything from the water without fins or scales, don’t wear clothing with two kinds of materials, don’t let a woman into the sanctuary after childbirth until a month has passed. There’s hundreds of books analyzing the purpose of Old Testament Law (seek out Jewish scholars for the most in-depth analysis), but one of the main themes is the idea that God wants Israel to be set apart from other countries and religions.
But of course, that’s only half of the Bible’s story for the Christian faith. In the New Testament, Jesus builds on the Law in shocking ways. Instead of just addressing the behavior – do not murder – Jesus teaches that the intention matters as well: “I tell you anyone who is angry with his brother or sister will be subject to judgement.” He reverses the former understanding of clean and unclean, or rather fulfills it. He touches women and lepers, calls out the hypocritical hearts of religious leaders, and becomes the final sacrifice for sins. Christ taught and demonstrated that sin, like holiness, happens from the inside out: “Don’t you see that whatever enters the mouth goes into the stomach and then out of the body? But the things that come out of a person’s mouth come from the heart, and these defile them.” Our inner feelings and thoughts matter as much as the actions that spring from them. What a challenging and amazing message, because it holds us accountable for our intentions and also opens the door for those who were considered “unclean” to be part of God’s kingdom!
Now, instead of God’s people being marked by their separateness, the Good News of the New Testament is that Christ’s love has been extended to include all people. In a vision to Peter, God continues to transform the clean vs. unclean narrative: “Do not call anything impure which God has made clean.” God is inviting Gentiles in just as they are, without requiring them to be circumcised or change what they eat, because salvation comes through belief and just not behavior anymore.
Paul also focuses on intent instead of specific behaviors in his letters to the new Christians. Galatians 5 has a list of destructive mindsets to avoid, including hatred, jealousy, fits of rage, selfish ambition, drunkenness and sexual immorality. He also lists attitudes to emulate among which are love, joy, peace, patience, and kindness. The internal state informs external behaviors.
So it’s clear that the idea of “it’s only a sin if you act on it” is not necessarily supported by Jesus and the early Christian leaders. If someone cuts me off in traffic and I curse them out in my head, it’s the same as if I did it to their face. I need God to work in me from the inside, helping me become a more patient person. Furthermore, the Spirit is moving to redefine what is considered “wrong” in terms of behavior. Peter and Paul aren’t focused on rituals, they’re concerned with the motivations behind the actions.
What does this mean for groups like Living Out that teach same-sex attraction is only a sin if you act on the desire, and all same-sex romantic interactions are inherently sinful?If sin comes from the heart before the action, then intention matters. So either same-sex attraction is inherently sinful whether you act on it or not, which would create a self-destructive, persistent sense of shame that seems contrary to the freedom of the Gospel. Or we agree that same-sex attraction is not in itself wrong sinful, in which case gay relationships are no more sinful than straight ones – meaning that the question of whether the relationship is “godly” should be determined not by sexual orientation, but by whether the couple is practicing love, patience, and kindness.
Celibacy & Desire
The idea that celibacy is the only godly solution to being gay also fails to acknowledge how Scripture discusses celibacy. It’s clear from the Bible that celibacy should not be forced on a person as a deterrent to desire. It’s meant to be a chosen lifestyle that serves God in a particular way. Paul’s writings about whether it’s better to be married or not leaves the question open-ended: ultimately it depends on the person and what God is calling them to do.
1 Corinthians 7 is one of Paul’s most in-depth letters about marriage and celibacy, and it turns out that there are no black-and-white answers. In one sentence, Paul says he wishes everyone could be celibate like him so they can better serve God. But the next paragraph, he acknowledges that if “your passions are too strong,” you should get married so that those desires find an holy, healthy outlet.
To add some context to this chapter, the early Corinthian church was concerned that their sexuality, even within marriage, would distract from following God, so they were practicing abstinence within marriage as well, trying to avoid desire to focus on holiness. But Paul doesn’t see sexual and romantic desire as a sin in itself; only when it became out-of-control or wholly self-seeking does it become something negative. He views marriage as a relationship where that desire can be directed toward the greater individual and community good and advises married people to not avoid their sexual expression so that they are not tempted to adultery.
Conversely, Paul writes about celibacy not as a way to escape or suppress God-given desire, but instead as a calling to devote the time and energy of married life to God. If someone’s self-control enables them to live single without their sexuality becoming a distraction, celibacy might be the best way for them to follow God. Both the person who marries and the one who chooses not to marry are doing the right thing, depending on their self-control and religious calling, and neither should be forced into one choice or the other. From a modern viewpoint, Paul recognizes that sexuality is a spectrum (I’m sure I’m not the first to posit that Paul sounds pretty asexual in his writings), and there are different ways to live righteously depending on the individual.
From this passage, I think if Paul were around today, he would advise that we can’t decide for LGBT people if celibacy is God’s calling for them because that takes away the individual choice. If celibacy is forced on a person, it becomes a burden instead of a gift. And if someone enters celibacy without the self-control needed for that life, they could end up more susceptible to sexual immorality. How can we say what God’s will is for someone’s life regarding sexuality, which is an extremely personal and unique aspect of our humanity? If even Paul didn’t presume to make that choice for people, we must let each individual discern for themselves whether celibacy, marriage, or singleness it the holy path for them, whether they are gay or straight.
Identity
The last part of this line of thinking I want to deconstruct is this idea that “Gay people should find their identity in Christ, not in their sexuality.” To a certain extent, I understand that teaching as it applies to all sexuality, not just LGBT people. Jesus had some hard words about prioritizing relationship with God over human relationships. The disciples left their identities as fishermen and sons to follow him, and he sends his own brother and mothers away to prioritize his ministry. However, the idea that we must necessarily sacrifice and eliminate all other identities to follow Christ is a false equivalency (and one that no straight person practices).
Like our sexuality, identities are also given by God and not inherently wrong. I can be a teacher and a Christian, a wife and a Christian, an American and a Christian, a woman and a Christian, a writer and a Christian. No one told me that I shouldn’t marry my husband because “my identity should be in Christ alone.” That would be absurd, because we all live with multiple identities. Instead of seeing them organized in a hierarchy, I see my Christian identity as flowing through the others like a river. My faith informs how I approach the many roles God has given me: trying to be Christ-like in my relationships and perspectives. And nowhere does Christ say “you must be straight to be saved.” According to the Bible, being Christ-like means having your intentions transformed by a divine love for your neighbor, talking to God, and helping people, especially those on the margins of society. I can absolutely celebrate my bisexual identity this Pride month while also living out my identity in Christ, as can the many LGBT Christians around the world.
A Beautiful Kingdom
It’s inconsistent with Scripture’s teachings on the significance of intentions to say that acting gay is a sin but same-sex attraction is not. If we acknowledge the latter is not a sin, we cannot categorically say all romantic interactions with a same-sex partner are somehow sins. Instead, if we apply what Paul says about desire, the question becomes not is our divinely-created sexuality good or evil, but are we living it through relationships that reflect the fruits of the Spirit? Instead of demanding “straight or gay” to determine a relationship’s holiness, I think it’s much more Biblical to ask is the relationship built on “selfish ambition or loving kindness?”
Secondly, while celibacy might be some queer people’s calling, just as it is some straight people’s calling, we cannot impose it on all LGBT people as the only option to live out God’s will. Celibacy, singleness, and marriage, are individual decisions, each with different gifts and possible holy outcomes. But as I said, if not even Paul could claim to make those choices for the early church, we cannot decide God’s will for people. When we do so, we impose our own human prejudices and limit how the Spirit is moving. We can encourage each other, as Paul did, to understand our own desires and to practice living them out in a way that produces love, joy, and peace.
Finally, enough of this “Christ should be your only identity” nonsense. He never said that, the early church didn’t live that, and it’s just not Biblical. Loving the Lord your God with all your heart, soul, mind doesn’t mean we exist in a vacuum where all other parts of us cease to exist. God made us with human bodies and calls us to different roles in our mortal lifespan. Even priests have an identity as a leader of their church, which comes with its own set of earthly responsibilities. Instead of pushing out all of the other parts of you (that God created), our identity in Christ is a foundation upon which we build the others, a lens through which we view the world, and the wind that moves through our life. Imagine if we approached every identity and role as a gift from God and did our best to live out the serving, healing, radical love of Christ in each one. I know many gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender people living that way, and I’m filled with such joy and gratitude that God’s kingdom is as diversely beautiful as the imagination of the Divine.
So go forth and be single, married, dating, celibate, gay, straight, male, female, non-binary, friends, parents, partners, siblings, writers, athletes, leaders, artists, healers, helpers, scholars, activists, and the endless list of other callings and careers and interests and identities – and let the transforming love of Christ be in all of them.
You are not alone.
